Post by Black Snake on Jul 9, 2006 22:15:12 GMT -5
As you all know, MGS3 is set in Russia. The game has many Russian references in it. This is a guide set aside to explaining all things Russian in MGS3 mostly, and all other things Russian in the MG series.
Locations and Settings
Tselinoyarsk- Green Woodlands
Tselinoyarsk is a fictional area in MGS3 where Virtuous Mission and Operation Snake Eater take place. The name is derived from two places in Russian folk tales Tselionyj in Russian means green. Yarsk means Woodland. Together they are Tselinoyarsk, or Green Woodlands.
Dremuchij- Thick Forest
Dolinovodno- Valley of the River. Dolino is valley, and vodno is water. Since there is a river in the valley, vodno has an obvious reference to the river.
Rassvet- Sunset/Sunrise
Chornyj Prud- Blackdirt (sub-translated. It may not be the accurate translation) Lake. It's a lake, obviously. Chornyj is black, and prud is like the dirt in the lake after it rains. Chornyj Prud, is basically Black Lake.
Bolshaya- Huge, Massive.
Chornaya Peschera- Black Cave. Chornaya-black, Perschera means cave in Russian.
Ponizovje- Mangrove River.
Graniny Gorki- Grainy Hills.
Svyatogorny- Sunlit Hills. Svyat is sunlight. Gorny is hills.
Sokrovenno- Sanctuary
Krasnogorjye- Red Mountains. Side note: Upon entering the Krasnogorjye, in you contact EVA on your radio, she states that krasnogorjye means "Red Mountaintops." This translation is incorrect. If red mountaintops were to be translated into Russian, it would be "Krasnie Verhushkagor". Verhu means, up or top.
Groznyj Grad- Dirty/Bad City. Grad is a big city, and Groznyj, the exact translation is "dirty", but in this case can mean bad or terrible.
Tihkogornyj- Quiet Hills
The Zaozoryje areas don't have a Russian translation. Instead those areas might be named after an owner or his family line.
Rokovoi Bereg- Sea of Fate
Weapons, Items & Vehicles
Shagohod- Shag basically means step. Hod is walk. literally it means "step-walk". But through further research, I figured out that step-walk is a term for engines and engine functions.
AK-47- Avtomat Kalasnikova 47. Automatic Kalashnikov. Russian weapons scientist Mikhail Kalashnikov invented the AK Rifle in 1947, hence the 47 at the end. He made a cycle system that revolutionized all assault rifles after 1947.
The AK-47 is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and easy to clean and maintain. Its ruggedness and reliability are legendary. The large gas piston, generous clearances between moving parts, and tapered cartridge case design allow the gun to endure large amounts of foreign matter and fouling without failing to cycle. This reliability comes at the cost of accuracy. A bayonet can be attached to the lower barrel for close quarters.
The bore and chamber, as well as the gas piston and the interior of the gas cylinder, are generally chromium plated. This plating dramatically increases the life of these parts by resisting corrosion and wear. Chrome plating of critical parts is now common on most modern military weapons.
7.62x39 mm rounds. Muzzle velocity 710 miles a second. Bullet weighs about 8 grams. Muzzle energy at 1,990 joules, which can power probably 20 lightbulbs. 30 rounds in one clip.
AK-74 and AKS-74u- The AK-74 is an updated version of the AK-47, which was designed in 1974. Like its parent AK-47 and AKM weapons, the AK-74 is a magazine-fed, selective-fire, intermediate caliber assault rifle with a rigid piston gas system and rotating bolt locking mechanism. The stamped sheet metal receiver is borrowed from the earlier AKM. The AK-74 has other differences from the AKM, notably the distinctive muzzle brake. This muzzle brake drastically cuts the already mild recoil and muzzle climb of the AK-74 but has the negative effect of increasing noise and muzzle blast. Current production versions also employ a mounting rail on the left side of the receiver for fixing a telescopic or night vision sight.
The AKS-74u is an even more modified version of the AK-74. This is the version that the Gurlukovich soldiers used in MGS2. The u at the end is short for the Russian word "Ukorochennyj" which means "shortened." And it fits. The AKS-74u's length is significatly shorter than the traditional AK-74.
It was intended for use by vehicle crews, artillery teams and Special Forces, which needed a small and lightweight weapon. A special version of the AKS-74uhad been developed for Spetsnaz, which could be fitted with quickly detachable silencer and a special 30mm silenced grenade launcher model BS-1 "Tishina" ("silence"). The launcher uses special HE-DP grenades, which are launched using special blank cartridges, stored in the box magazine, contained in the launcher pistol grip. The rear sight is a flip-type U-notch, while the front sight is a cylindrical post and can be fitted with night sights.
The AKS-74u has a severely shortened barrel, with the gas chamber moved back and appropriately cut down gas piston rod. Since the portion of the barrel after the gas port is very short, a special muzzle device was designed, which is used as a flash hider and the gas expansion chamber (to achieve reliable gas operated action). The front sight base is lowered, and the standard adjustable rear sight is replaced by the flip-up rear (marked for 200 and 400 meters distance), mounted on the receiver cover. The receiver cover is hinged to the receiver at the front and flips up when opened (original AK-74 receiver cover is detachable). Otherwise the AKS-74uis similar to the AKS-74, it has similar controls, folding buttstock, and uses same magazines. AKS-74ucannot be fitted with bayonet. Some versions had a standard side-mounted rail for the night or red-dot scopes, and are known as AKS-74u-N.
5.45x39 mm (for both AK-74 and 74u). The AKS-74u has a range of 300 meters, while the AK-74 has a range of 500 meters.
SVD Dragunov- Fully in Russian, the name is long. Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova which is Sniper Rifle Dragunov. The SVD is a semiautomatic sniper rifle engineered by Evgeniy Fedorovich Dragunov.
The SVD is chambered for the 7.62 x 54R rimmed cartridge, with a muzzle velocity of about 830 meters per second. The rifle can accept the older M1891/30 cartridge, but a more accurate 7N1 round was designed specifically for it. The 7N1 was the original load developed by Russian armorer Sabelnikov in conjunction with the development of the SVD back in the late 1950's. It has a steel jacketed projectile with an air pocket, steel core, and a lead knocker in the base for maximum terminal effect. The 7N1 was replaced in 1999 by the 7N14 round. The 7N14 is a new load developed for the SVD. It consists of a 151 grain projectile which travels at the same 2723 ft/s, but it has a lead core projectile and is supposed to be the more accurate of the two. Nikolai Bezborodov, head of R&D at Izhmash, stated that it was the most accurate load for the SVD. However, the Soviet Union never offered this ammunition for export, and it is very rare outside of Russia. This ammunition can be identified by its packaging which has Russian: "Ñíàéïåðñêèå" (Sniper) stamped on its crates, cans, and paper wrap to prevent it from being wasted in other weapon applications.
Although the rifle is lethal at ranges above 1000 m, it is not really intended or designed for ultimate accuracy and can only reasonably engage targets at up to 600 m with standard ammunition, achieving 2 Minutes of arc at that distance. This range and accuracy can be improved upon with the specialty ammunition. Inaccuracy in this weapon is primarily due to the effects of the semiautomatic action of the SVD on the barrel harmonics; the accuracy of the rifle suffers at greater ranges. However, the weapon handles easily for its size, and is designed to be very durable; the gas system and bore are chrome lined to resist against corrosion and it is easy to clean. The rifle also has a bayonet lug for close-quarters combat, although the mounting of a bayonet will cause a slight change in center of gravity, affecting the handling qualities of the rifle, and possibly accuracy.
Dragunov rifles were so effective that the Chinese and Polish made their own versions. To civilians, Dragunov sniper rifles were referred to as Tigers.
Dragunov Rifles were usually fitted with a PSO-1 Scope which magnified 4x24.
7.62x54 mm 10 round clip Muzzle velocity 830 meters a second with a range of 1300 meters, which is approxemetly 220 miles.
Mosin Nagant- A young Russian captain named Sergei Ivanovich Mosin worked together with a Belgian named Leone Nagant, hence the Mosin Nagant. The Mosin Nagant is one of the oldest known sniper rifles. The first model was produced in even 1889, the very late times of Imperial Russia Later to be used in the Soviet Union. The Mosin Nagant was the sniper rifle that headlined Russian/European sniper ops for over 75 years until the invention of the cheaper, more durable, more efficient SVD Dragunov rifle replaced it in the 60's.
The Mosin Nagant was invented to compete with Turkish Berdan single shot rifles and Winchester repeaters during the Russo-Turkish war. The Russians used the idea of the new and effective idea of bolt action rifles to create the Mosin Nagant. Initially it's purpose was for the use of infantry troops on the field. In it's final stage it was fitted with a scope to serve as a sniper.
7.62x54 mm. Muzzle Velocity at 770 meters a second. Effective range is 546 meters.
Scorpion Vz 61 SMG- In 1961, Czechoslovakia (Country under the Soviet Union during the time) created a light SMG. Originally it was correctly Sa vz 61 short for samopal vzor 61 translated into submachine gun model 1961.
Its light weight and small size make it a popular choice for personnel inside aircraft, tanks and cars. It also been used by terrorist groups. Although it fires a relatively weak round (.32 ACP) and has a short effective range of 25 meters, it is a very efficient weapon in close quarters combat (CQB) and widely used in Eastern European nations. It is still in service today.
7.65x17 mm. 850 rounds a minute. Effective range of 25 meters.
Makarov- The Makarov PM was designed in the 1940s by Russian firearms designer Nikolai Fyodorovich Makarov. It became the Soviet Unions standard military sidearm.
Rather than building his gun around an existing cartridge, Nikolai Makarov designed a new round, the 9 x 18 mm PM, based on the popular Browning 9 x 17 mm/.380 ACP cartridge. In the interests of simplicity and economy, the Makarov pistol was to be of straight blowback operation, and the 9 x 18 mm round was found to be the most powerful which could be fired safely from such a design. Although the given dimension was 9 mm, the bullet was actually 9.3 mm in diameter, being shorter and wider and therefore incompatible with pistols chambered for the popular 9 mm Luger/Parabellum round. This meant that Soviet ammunition was unusable in NATO firearms, and NATO forces in a conflict would not be able to gather ammunition from fallen Soviet soldiers or Soviet munition stockpiles. Makarov's design, the Pistolet Makarova e.g. Pistol Makarov (PM), was, in 1951, selected over the competition on account of its simplicity (it had few moving parts), economy, ease of manufacture, accuracy, and reasonable power. It remained in service among Soviet military and police until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Many ex-Eastern Bloc police continue to employ cold war era Makarov's, due to their simplicity and reliability. The Makarov has also become a popular concealed carry gun in America, and variants remain in production in both Russia and Bulgaria to this day.
The Pistolet Makarova (often abbreviated to PM) is a medium-size handgun with a straight blowback action and a frame-fixed barrel. Physically, it resembles the Walther PPK. As a blowback design, the only force holding the slide closed is from the recoil spring; upon firing, the barrel and slide do not "unlock" as with a locked-breech design. Blowback designs are uncomplicated, and are often more accurate than designs which utilise a recoiling, tilting, or otherwise articulated barrel. Blowback-operated pistols are also limited practically by the required weight of the slide. Using conventional manufacturing techniques, the 9 x 18 mm is the largest round that can practically utilize blowback operation. The Makarov is relatively heavy for its small size, another desirable attribute for a blowback pistol, as a heavy slide provides greater inertia against the force of the blast, reducing felt recoil or "kick" of the 9x18 mm round.
9x18 mm. Muzzle Velocity 315 meters a second. Effective Range of 50 meters. 8 rounds a clip.
I will try to update it daily until it is done.
Side note: I have updated the title to fit the information I am about to add.
Locations and Settings
Tselinoyarsk- Green Woodlands
Tselinoyarsk is a fictional area in MGS3 where Virtuous Mission and Operation Snake Eater take place. The name is derived from two places in Russian folk tales Tselionyj in Russian means green. Yarsk means Woodland. Together they are Tselinoyarsk, or Green Woodlands.
Dremuchij- Thick Forest
Dolinovodno- Valley of the River. Dolino is valley, and vodno is water. Since there is a river in the valley, vodno has an obvious reference to the river.
Rassvet- Sunset/Sunrise
Chornyj Prud- Blackdirt (sub-translated. It may not be the accurate translation) Lake. It's a lake, obviously. Chornyj is black, and prud is like the dirt in the lake after it rains. Chornyj Prud, is basically Black Lake.
Bolshaya- Huge, Massive.
Chornaya Peschera- Black Cave. Chornaya-black, Perschera means cave in Russian.
Ponizovje- Mangrove River.
Graniny Gorki- Grainy Hills.
Svyatogorny- Sunlit Hills. Svyat is sunlight. Gorny is hills.
Sokrovenno- Sanctuary
Krasnogorjye- Red Mountains. Side note: Upon entering the Krasnogorjye, in you contact EVA on your radio, she states that krasnogorjye means "Red Mountaintops." This translation is incorrect. If red mountaintops were to be translated into Russian, it would be "Krasnie Verhushkagor". Verhu means, up or top.
Groznyj Grad- Dirty/Bad City. Grad is a big city, and Groznyj, the exact translation is "dirty", but in this case can mean bad or terrible.
Tihkogornyj- Quiet Hills
The Zaozoryje areas don't have a Russian translation. Instead those areas might be named after an owner or his family line.
Rokovoi Bereg- Sea of Fate
Weapons, Items & Vehicles
Shagohod- Shag basically means step. Hod is walk. literally it means "step-walk". But through further research, I figured out that step-walk is a term for engines and engine functions.
AK-47- Avtomat Kalasnikova 47. Automatic Kalashnikov. Russian weapons scientist Mikhail Kalashnikov invented the AK Rifle in 1947, hence the 47 at the end. He made a cycle system that revolutionized all assault rifles after 1947.
The AK-47 is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and easy to clean and maintain. Its ruggedness and reliability are legendary. The large gas piston, generous clearances between moving parts, and tapered cartridge case design allow the gun to endure large amounts of foreign matter and fouling without failing to cycle. This reliability comes at the cost of accuracy. A bayonet can be attached to the lower barrel for close quarters.
The bore and chamber, as well as the gas piston and the interior of the gas cylinder, are generally chromium plated. This plating dramatically increases the life of these parts by resisting corrosion and wear. Chrome plating of critical parts is now common on most modern military weapons.
7.62x39 mm rounds. Muzzle velocity 710 miles a second. Bullet weighs about 8 grams. Muzzle energy at 1,990 joules, which can power probably 20 lightbulbs. 30 rounds in one clip.
AK-74 and AKS-74u- The AK-74 is an updated version of the AK-47, which was designed in 1974. Like its parent AK-47 and AKM weapons, the AK-74 is a magazine-fed, selective-fire, intermediate caliber assault rifle with a rigid piston gas system and rotating bolt locking mechanism. The stamped sheet metal receiver is borrowed from the earlier AKM. The AK-74 has other differences from the AKM, notably the distinctive muzzle brake. This muzzle brake drastically cuts the already mild recoil and muzzle climb of the AK-74 but has the negative effect of increasing noise and muzzle blast. Current production versions also employ a mounting rail on the left side of the receiver for fixing a telescopic or night vision sight.
The AKS-74u is an even more modified version of the AK-74. This is the version that the Gurlukovich soldiers used in MGS2. The u at the end is short for the Russian word "Ukorochennyj" which means "shortened." And it fits. The AKS-74u's length is significatly shorter than the traditional AK-74.
It was intended for use by vehicle crews, artillery teams and Special Forces, which needed a small and lightweight weapon. A special version of the AKS-74uhad been developed for Spetsnaz, which could be fitted with quickly detachable silencer and a special 30mm silenced grenade launcher model BS-1 "Tishina" ("silence"). The launcher uses special HE-DP grenades, which are launched using special blank cartridges, stored in the box magazine, contained in the launcher pistol grip. The rear sight is a flip-type U-notch, while the front sight is a cylindrical post and can be fitted with night sights.
The AKS-74u has a severely shortened barrel, with the gas chamber moved back and appropriately cut down gas piston rod. Since the portion of the barrel after the gas port is very short, a special muzzle device was designed, which is used as a flash hider and the gas expansion chamber (to achieve reliable gas operated action). The front sight base is lowered, and the standard adjustable rear sight is replaced by the flip-up rear (marked for 200 and 400 meters distance), mounted on the receiver cover. The receiver cover is hinged to the receiver at the front and flips up when opened (original AK-74 receiver cover is detachable). Otherwise the AKS-74uis similar to the AKS-74, it has similar controls, folding buttstock, and uses same magazines. AKS-74ucannot be fitted with bayonet. Some versions had a standard side-mounted rail for the night or red-dot scopes, and are known as AKS-74u-N.
5.45x39 mm (for both AK-74 and 74u). The AKS-74u has a range of 300 meters, while the AK-74 has a range of 500 meters.
SVD Dragunov- Fully in Russian, the name is long. Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova which is Sniper Rifle Dragunov. The SVD is a semiautomatic sniper rifle engineered by Evgeniy Fedorovich Dragunov.
The SVD is chambered for the 7.62 x 54R rimmed cartridge, with a muzzle velocity of about 830 meters per second. The rifle can accept the older M1891/30 cartridge, but a more accurate 7N1 round was designed specifically for it. The 7N1 was the original load developed by Russian armorer Sabelnikov in conjunction with the development of the SVD back in the late 1950's. It has a steel jacketed projectile with an air pocket, steel core, and a lead knocker in the base for maximum terminal effect. The 7N1 was replaced in 1999 by the 7N14 round. The 7N14 is a new load developed for the SVD. It consists of a 151 grain projectile which travels at the same 2723 ft/s, but it has a lead core projectile and is supposed to be the more accurate of the two. Nikolai Bezborodov, head of R&D at Izhmash, stated that it was the most accurate load for the SVD. However, the Soviet Union never offered this ammunition for export, and it is very rare outside of Russia. This ammunition can be identified by its packaging which has Russian: "Ñíàéïåðñêèå" (Sniper) stamped on its crates, cans, and paper wrap to prevent it from being wasted in other weapon applications.
Although the rifle is lethal at ranges above 1000 m, it is not really intended or designed for ultimate accuracy and can only reasonably engage targets at up to 600 m with standard ammunition, achieving 2 Minutes of arc at that distance. This range and accuracy can be improved upon with the specialty ammunition. Inaccuracy in this weapon is primarily due to the effects of the semiautomatic action of the SVD on the barrel harmonics; the accuracy of the rifle suffers at greater ranges. However, the weapon handles easily for its size, and is designed to be very durable; the gas system and bore are chrome lined to resist against corrosion and it is easy to clean. The rifle also has a bayonet lug for close-quarters combat, although the mounting of a bayonet will cause a slight change in center of gravity, affecting the handling qualities of the rifle, and possibly accuracy.
Dragunov rifles were so effective that the Chinese and Polish made their own versions. To civilians, Dragunov sniper rifles were referred to as Tigers.
Dragunov Rifles were usually fitted with a PSO-1 Scope which magnified 4x24.
7.62x54 mm 10 round clip Muzzle velocity 830 meters a second with a range of 1300 meters, which is approxemetly 220 miles.
Mosin Nagant- A young Russian captain named Sergei Ivanovich Mosin worked together with a Belgian named Leone Nagant, hence the Mosin Nagant. The Mosin Nagant is one of the oldest known sniper rifles. The first model was produced in even 1889, the very late times of Imperial Russia Later to be used in the Soviet Union. The Mosin Nagant was the sniper rifle that headlined Russian/European sniper ops for over 75 years until the invention of the cheaper, more durable, more efficient SVD Dragunov rifle replaced it in the 60's.
The Mosin Nagant was invented to compete with Turkish Berdan single shot rifles and Winchester repeaters during the Russo-Turkish war. The Russians used the idea of the new and effective idea of bolt action rifles to create the Mosin Nagant. Initially it's purpose was for the use of infantry troops on the field. In it's final stage it was fitted with a scope to serve as a sniper.
7.62x54 mm. Muzzle Velocity at 770 meters a second. Effective range is 546 meters.
Scorpion Vz 61 SMG- In 1961, Czechoslovakia (Country under the Soviet Union during the time) created a light SMG. Originally it was correctly Sa vz 61 short for samopal vzor 61 translated into submachine gun model 1961.
Its light weight and small size make it a popular choice for personnel inside aircraft, tanks and cars. It also been used by terrorist groups. Although it fires a relatively weak round (.32 ACP) and has a short effective range of 25 meters, it is a very efficient weapon in close quarters combat (CQB) and widely used in Eastern European nations. It is still in service today.
7.65x17 mm. 850 rounds a minute. Effective range of 25 meters.
Makarov- The Makarov PM was designed in the 1940s by Russian firearms designer Nikolai Fyodorovich Makarov. It became the Soviet Unions standard military sidearm.
Rather than building his gun around an existing cartridge, Nikolai Makarov designed a new round, the 9 x 18 mm PM, based on the popular Browning 9 x 17 mm/.380 ACP cartridge. In the interests of simplicity and economy, the Makarov pistol was to be of straight blowback operation, and the 9 x 18 mm round was found to be the most powerful which could be fired safely from such a design. Although the given dimension was 9 mm, the bullet was actually 9.3 mm in diameter, being shorter and wider and therefore incompatible with pistols chambered for the popular 9 mm Luger/Parabellum round. This meant that Soviet ammunition was unusable in NATO firearms, and NATO forces in a conflict would not be able to gather ammunition from fallen Soviet soldiers or Soviet munition stockpiles. Makarov's design, the Pistolet Makarova e.g. Pistol Makarov (PM), was, in 1951, selected over the competition on account of its simplicity (it had few moving parts), economy, ease of manufacture, accuracy, and reasonable power. It remained in service among Soviet military and police until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Many ex-Eastern Bloc police continue to employ cold war era Makarov's, due to their simplicity and reliability. The Makarov has also become a popular concealed carry gun in America, and variants remain in production in both Russia and Bulgaria to this day.
The Pistolet Makarova (often abbreviated to PM) is a medium-size handgun with a straight blowback action and a frame-fixed barrel. Physically, it resembles the Walther PPK. As a blowback design, the only force holding the slide closed is from the recoil spring; upon firing, the barrel and slide do not "unlock" as with a locked-breech design. Blowback designs are uncomplicated, and are often more accurate than designs which utilise a recoiling, tilting, or otherwise articulated barrel. Blowback-operated pistols are also limited practically by the required weight of the slide. Using conventional manufacturing techniques, the 9 x 18 mm is the largest round that can practically utilize blowback operation. The Makarov is relatively heavy for its small size, another desirable attribute for a blowback pistol, as a heavy slide provides greater inertia against the force of the blast, reducing felt recoil or "kick" of the 9x18 mm round.
9x18 mm. Muzzle Velocity 315 meters a second. Effective Range of 50 meters. 8 rounds a clip.
I will try to update it daily until it is done.
Side note: I have updated the title to fit the information I am about to add.
"
